The Effect of foreign Banks upon the Activities of Palestinian National Banks |
| Tareq Al-Haj, Ghassan Da'as |
| *tareqalhaj@yahoo.com، **gdaas@yahoo.com |
| Received : 04-02-2003 , Accepted : 17-02-2004 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
The main aim of the research is to investigate the effect of foreign banks upon the Palestinian national banks through six dimensions, besides, investigating the differences through these dimensions. To do so, 50questionnaires were distributed through branches of national and foreign banks, 48 questionnaires were analyzed using (Repeat MANOVA). The result of analysis emphasize the high mean the increasing of banking awareness, where as the least mean the support of Palestinian Monetary Authority for the Palestinian national banks. Upon that it will be recommended of some points that will help Palestinian national banks to be competitive against the foreign ones. |
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Sunday, January 24, 2010
The Effect of foreign Banks upon the Activities of Palestinian National Banks
Issues of the Arab – Zionist Struggle Radical Trends in Israel \ Zionism
Issues of the Arab – Zionist Struggle Radical Trends in Israel \ Zionism |
| Fawwaz Sharkawi |
| fsharkawi@mail.iugaza.edu |
| Received : 25-06-2003 , Accepted : 02-12-2003 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
Radical trends were absorbed by Zionism/ Israel which reflected on its practical behavior and thought contents. The study will concentrate only on three trends: At first comes violence which was adopted to face internal conditions and external obstacles Justified by words of the Holly Book, interpretations of the religious men and political leaders. Practically, violence is connected with aggression, military action and security issue. Regional expansion is the second trend, and it is connected by borders. Thus several expressions were laid as: the land of Promise, historical borders, borders of the state, and unlimited borders. Its main effort is to assimilate between people and territory. Dependence and mutual dependence on super power states is the third radical trend. Hence it follows their evolutions over decades. The main aim of this study is to examine and clarify the contents and behavior of Zionism / Israel, and how it can function mutually by struggle parties. The study used descriptive, historical, analytical and comparative research methods to obtain its gains. |
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A Municipal Management and Decentralization Policy Analysis in the Palestinian Territories
A Municipal Management and Decentralization Policy Analysis in the Palestinian Territories |
| M. Hisham Jabr |
| Jabr@najah.edu |
| Chairman of Finance and Banking Department, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, An-Najah National University Nablus, Palestine. |
| Received : 01-09-2003 , Accepted : 25-04-2004 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
This study aims at assessing the performance of local government in Palestine in regard to fiscal and administrative decentralization. Data was gathered from the Ministry of Local Government, Ministry of Finance and a questionnaire was sent to 12 municipalities' key officials. It was found that the government is organized into the central government headed by the president, the cabinet, the governorates, mayors and village councils. The main functions of the local governments are to provide the necessary needed services. It was found that there is a degree of decentralization in providing the intended services as the functions of each level is clearly defined by the law, even though there is an overlapping amongst these functions due to the current situation instability The study explains several aspects including organization of the local government, decision making process, functional responsibilities, partnership among local government and the performance of these partnerships, employment, training programs, the most urgent issues regarding decentralization process, local government finances, financial standing of municipalities, relationship between central and local governments, and decentralization reforms under preparation, The study ends up with conclusions and recommendations. |
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Relationship of Relative Strength, Weight and Level of Skill Performance in Gymnastics of physical Education Major
Relationship of Relative Strength, Weight and Level of Skill Performance in Gymnastics of physical Education Major |
| Imad Abdel-Haq, Irina Lebedeva |
| prof_imad@yahoo.com |
| Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine |
| Received : 30-09-2003 , Accepted : 25-04-2004 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of relative strength weight and skill performance in Gymnastics of physical Education Major. The sample of the study consisted of (25) students, (15) male, and (10) Female, whom they were finished Gymnastics (1) and (2). The results revealed a significant positive correlation among relative strength, weight and performance, where (R2) (0.726) the contribution of relative strength in predicting performance was (44.5%), and (28.5%) for weigh. Based on the study findings the researcher recommended to use light weigh exercise, and follow up the students’ body weight. |
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The Properties of the Sarsaq Family in Palestine 1869-1948
The Properties of the Sarsaq Family in Palestine 1869-1948 |
| Amin Abu-Baker |
| aabubaker@qou.edu |
| Al-Quds Open University, Nablus Educational Region, Nablus, Palestine |
| Received : 09-06-2003 , Accepted : 25-04-2004 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This study deals with the properties of the Sarsaq family in Palestine during the second half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. Their properties, considered one of the properties formed by the Lebanese capitalists in Palestine during that period, came as a result of the capitalist framework of the family in the local and international commercial markets on the one hand, the financial crisis that the Ottoman Treasury from and the severe conditions of the Palestinian farmers on the other. Their properties spread in 60 locations and consisted of about 800000 dunums most fertilized lands. In addition, they indicated the destiny of the fertile lands during the first half of the Twentieth century when the Zionist penetration campaigns targeted by Zionism through its agencies and collaborators of traders and brokers those campaigns were accompanied by organized deportation campaigns supported by the police and the unjust regulations of the British Mandate that aimed at demolishing the homes and Villages of the Palestinian farmers and sabotaging their crops so as to make them leave their homeland and build Jewish settlements on their locations. |
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The Ownership of Sultan Abdul-Hamid II in Palestine (1876-1937)
The Ownership of Sultan Abdul-Hamid II in Palestine (1876-1937) |
| Ameen Abu Bakr |
| aabubaker@qou.edu |
| Received : 17-06-2002 , Accepted : 09-02-2003 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This subject deals with the land ownership of Sultan Abdul-Hamid II in Palestine during the period from 1876 to 1937. These lands have been known by various titles including the lands of Jeftlek, the Sultanate, and the Hamidian. The areas of these lands which equal about 2.5 million dunums broke the record of all the ownership that Palestine has witnessed in the modern age. The subject has been approached in three main axes. The first dealt with the factors that influenced the ownership formation specifically the enforcement system that was put in effect due to the economical, social and political conditions of Palestine. The other factor was the development policy adopted by the Ottoman Empire during the age of organization and the resistance of the foreign interpenetration movement. The second axis dealt with the size of ownership and the extent of its spread in the three Palestinian districts: Acre, Nablus, and Jerusalem. It focused in Al-Hawla basin, the sources of the Jordan River, the plain of Bisan valley, al-Fara’ valley, the plain of Jericho, the hill of Irad, the side of Zerqa River, Rafah, and other locations. The third axis was dedicated to deal with the radical changes that overwhelmed the Jeftlek lands. It also concentrated on the process of solving the question of ownership and returning them to the state treasury. In addition it dealt with the attempts of the foreign interpenetration movement specifically the Zionist corporations after the expulsion of the Sultan by the Union and Development Society in 1909 until it was settled during the British Mandate in 1937. |
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The Cynical Image in War Poetry with the Poets of the Zankia and Ayyoubean States
The Cynical Image in War Poetry with the Poets of the Zankia and Ayyoubean States |
| Nizar Libdi |
| dnizar@hotmail.com |
| Received : 20-01-2002 , Accepted : 09-02-2003 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This study examined patterns of the ironic pictures of the defeated enemy during the crusades. The researcher found, through reviewing these pictures, that poets followed various methods to shape-up these pictures. Perhaps the most vivid ones those building the picture upon the contradictions and outlining the antonyms, such as hope and frustration. This was also conducted by drawing natural views in inverted pictures or eccentric pictures that elicit laughter. In their building to the ironic pictures, poets may have relied on “hunting” the “improbabilities” regardless the way they were following. Most often, the picture came out expressing the feeling of the triumph exultation and the taste of malicious joy for that the enemy was defeated, although variant in their rhythm. Some had higher intonations than others, all depending on the technical capabilities of the poets, and the importance of the battle he is composing his poetry about. |
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The Mamluk Jan Bardi El-Ghazali and the Ottoman Empire: A New Historical Out Look
The Mamluk Jan Bardi El-Ghazali and the Ottoman Empire: A New Historical Out Look |
| Osama Abu Nahl |
| osamabunahel@hotmail.com |
| Received : 15-07-2001 , Accepted : 09-02-2003 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This study deals with the life of an important Mamluk around to whom there have been a number of accounts that label him as a traitor and a Collaborator with the Ottoman Empire, that is Jan Bardi El-Ghazali. The study is entitled” the Mamluk Jan Bardi El-Ghazali and the Ottoman Empire: A New Historical outlook”. The significance of this study arises from the deliberate failure of some researchers to reveal the truth, and their giving full credence to what old historians prejudiced account of this figures. Such prejudice is not manifested in their levelling the dreadful charge of treason at him. Researchers simly narrated the accounts on El-Ghazali given historians without even trying to verify the authenticity of such accounts never realizing that they date back to the same source, so that such accounts have been assumed as facts. In this modest effort of mine, try to hold an objective and disinterested stance in my endeavor to disclose the true personality of El-Ghazali, investigating the factors motivating scholars to accuse him of treason. In this way, the study is a new historical view of a historical issue that has traditionally been assumed unquestionable. |
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Contributions of Islamic Banks to the Palestinian Banking Activity
Contributions of Islamic Banks to the Palestinian Banking Activity |
| Tareq Al-Haj, Ghassan Da'as |
| tareqalhaj@yahoo.com, gdaas@maktoob.com |
| Department of Finance, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine |
| Received : 16-03-2003 , Accepted : 05-10-2003 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
The main purpose of this research is to investigate the contributions of Islamic banks to the Palestinian banking activity, by investigating the policies of commercial and Islamic banks according to assets, deposits, financial facilities, and external financial use of banking funds. To do so, The data were analyzed using the statistical parameter Wilks, lambda. The results indicate that there are no significant differences between commercial and Islamic banks according to credit policy concerning assets, deposits, financial facilities, and external financial use of banking funds. Some result points were proposed in order to assist in raising the Islamic banks portion at Palestinian banking activity. |
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People’s Right to Know
People’s Right to Know |
| 'Abdeljawad 'Abdeljawad |
| smallworldlike123@yahoo.com |
| Department of Journalism, Faculty of Arts, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine |
| Received : 03-02-2003 , Accepted : 05-10-2003 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
Mass media issues are diversified. They encompass legal and ethical sides. Because of their interpretative and philosophical nature, they are still without a clear and specified concept. What complicates the subject more is the acceleration in media technology. Naturally, with every invention comes legal and ethical issues concerning the rule of media in the society and their relations with the people and government. Also, the bad use of the media, as was the case during World Wars I and II, increases people’s need for a diversification in information and its sources, so that people can benefit from it in all aspects of their lives. As a result, many voices have risen, calling for people’s “rights” to communicate, to know, and to express their opinions. Because of the particularity of every political system, every state differently perceives such “rights,” based on its own understanding of the meaning of freedom and communication concepts. A democratic society, as an example, considers one of these rights, people’s right to know, as its basic pillar in which the will of the people is the utmost principle for power, ruling, and decision–making. For the people to be able to choose their representatives rightly, all information sources must be available to them. In this case, people will be able to do their rule in the society. A democratic government is for the people and by the people. So, an individual has the right to know what his/her government is doing, because such activities touches his/her life directly or indirectly. This research thoroughly discusses and explains the developments and stages which this media issue has passed through until today. |
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Multi Party Idea in Moder Islamic Thought. Parties Emergence in Moderen Islamic Thinking
Multi Party Idea in Moder Islamic Thought. Parties Emergence in Moderen Islamic Thinking |
| Atef Odwaan |
| Received : 20-12-1999 , Accepted : 12-06-2001 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
It was strange to any Moslem scholar to think in making or supporting political party, since most of them considered these parties as instrument to divide the Moslem Nation. But after the success of these Parties to formulate democratice systems and enhanced peoples political particpation, many of present Moslem leaders and scholars changed their minds to support making parties in Moslem countries. This research deals with this controversy, where it shows the two points of views. |
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The Role of Ibin Al Haitham in Scientific Research
The Role of Ibin Al Haitham in Scientific Research |
| Marwan Qadomi |
| Received : 20-09-1999 , Accepted : 11-11-2000 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This research is a thorough study of the role of the outstanding scientist, Ibin Al Haitham, in scientific research. Many scholars attribute the development of scientific research to Islamic scientists, among these was Ibin Al Haitham, who initiated the origins of the modern scientific principles. This study I tried to highlight the role of Arab and Islamic traditions in enriching human culture. This role is exemplified through the scientific canon of Ibin Al Haitham. The study also emphasized the urges of transferring the general heritage and the urges of Ibin Al Haitham in particular.The study, further, includes a presentation of Ibin al Haitham’s scientific mission, his manners, his positions and attitudes and major accomplishments. The study also sought to discover Ibin al haitham’s intellectual attitudes and to locate his basic scientific methods, which depended on induction, syllogism, analogy, preference and the hypothetical method. The study then examined the scientific tools and their importance in scientific research through presenting illustrations from Ibin Al Haitham’s works and commenting on them. This research shows the virtues of this outstanding scientist and his distinguished role in scientific research as he touched on the concepts leading to it. The research then concludes with a call for a revival of the legacy and memory of the Islamic scientists who served humanity and made an important contribution to its heritage. |
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Identifying the Metacognitive Reading Strategies of Arab University Students: A Case Study
Identifying the Metacognitive Reading Strategies of Arab University Students: A Case Study |
| Wafa Abu Shmais |
| English Language Department, Faculty of Art, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. |
| Received : 11-11-2001 , Accepted : 11-06-2002 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
This paper reports on the metacognitive reading strategies employed by Palestinian students while reading English texts in the light of a case study of two English majors. Moreover, the intention of this study is to use multiple research methods in identifying the participants’ thinking processes. To collect data, the researcher used “think aloud” as an instrument for tapping the participants’ underlying metacognitive thinking. In order to complement the “think-aloud” sessions, the researcher used interviews, comprehension tests and a questionnaire. The results indicated that although “think-aloud” seemed to be a suitable introspectiv method for measuring comprehension control and awareness, retrospective methods such as interviews, tests and questionnaires were also important. It was also found that although verbalizing was challenging, the participants were interested in thinking aloud and involved in using a number of metacognitive strategies that aided their awareness and text comprehension. Finally, implications for EFL teachers and reading comprehension research are discussed based on the findings. |
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The Offense of Evading Military Service in Iraqi and Comparative Military Legislation
The Offense of Evading Military Service in Iraqi and Comparative Military Legislation |
| Ali Adnan Al-Feil |
| Received : 09-01-2002 , Accepted : 05-05-2002 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
The Military service (military conscription) is a holy duty and a sign of good citizenship. Therefore, violation of this commitment is a breach of the most noble obligation. Seriousness of this offense stems from significance of the military service itself for the lofty status the army occupies in most countries. In Islamic Shari’ah, the act of evasion was considered an offense to which psychological penalty was promulgated since Jihad had great importance and was an individual duty of every Muslim. In Hammurabi’s Codes of Law, before Islamic Shari’ah, the act was also considered an offense and evaders were penalized although the evasion offense was a military offense rather than an ordinary one. This kind of offense was chosen in this study for the scarcity of the studies on military legislation, in general, on the one hand, and to shed light on the various military legislations in Jordan, Egypt, Syria and Lebanon when organizing this offense, on the other hand. Thus, this study took the frame of Iraqi and Comparative Military Legislation. The study was divided into three topics: The first topic was to state the essence of the offense of evading service by defining it and stating its legal nature and types. The second topic discusses the elements of the offense such as age, material element, notification, ultimatum expiration, and criminal intention. The third topic illustrated penalty for the various evasions’ offenses. The study was concluded with a set of findings. |
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Al-Zahra Book, by Abu Bakr Al Asbahani, Comments and Corrections Vol. I
Al-Zahra Book, by Abu Bakr Al Asbahani, Comments and Corrections Vol. I |
| Mohammad J. Nouri |
| Department of Arabic Language, Faculty of Arts, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine |
| Received : 04-05-2000 , Accepted : 29-04-2001 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
The book entitled Al – Zahra, authored by Abu Bakr Al Asbahani is a great poetical work comprising a good number of Arabic poems of various topics, particularly platonic love which is covered in chapter one. During our teaching of this book university course “the Arabic library” for the Arabic language and literature specialists, we checked several mistakes resulting from the misplacement of the diacritical marks, phonetic corruption of words, vowelizing some structure, in addition to prosodic mistakes in some verses. All this occurred despite the precise checking done by the two well – versed scholars Dr. Ibrahim Samerra’i and Dr. Noori Al Qaysi in the second edition of that book. Our study in this research is restricted to the poetic material. However, we will overlook some simple printing mistakes which reader clearly distinguishes. This study aims at freeing this heritage book from grave and trivial confusing mistakes, a thing which we personally witnessed during our teaching. |
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The Palestinian Popular Resistance against the Crusaders 1099-1187 A.D/492-583-H
The Palestinian Popular Resistance against the Crusaders 1099-1187 A.D/492-583-H |
| Said Al-Bishawy |
| Received : 13-08-2000 , Accepted : 28-04-2001 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
The research deals with the popular Palestinian Resistance against the Crusaders. And explained how it was inside towns during the siege. It also referred to it outside these towns and how Palestinians formed armed groups that ambushed the invading Frances. It also talked about people’s resistance that supported the Moslem forces that came to fight the invaders. It also talked about individual’s resistance as well as the clerics’ and sheikhs; role in fighting the Crusaders. A conclusion is also appended. |
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Methods of Teaching Islamic Fiqh
Methods of Teaching Islamic Fiqh |
| Marwan Qadomi |
| Received : 20-09-1999 , Accepted : 11-11-2000 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This paper examined the most important methods used in the teaching of Islamic fiqh at the university level. The paper identified two types of methods: old and modern. It also prounded a criticism of both types of methods and highlighted their advantages and disadvantages. The study particularly highlighted the Islamic perception of these methods and the optimal characteristics of a fiqh instructor. The paper concluded with a number of suggestions and recommendations that may correct the course of university teaching of Islamic fiqh. The paper mainly calls for the need to diagnose the causes of students’ weaknesses in this field and to find solutions to these causes. |
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We and the Orientalists –With an Analytic Study of the Orientalist Dozy’s Effect on the Arabic Lexicography
We and the Orientalists –With an Analytic Study of the Orientalist Dozy’s Effect on the Arabic Lexicography |
| Ali Al-Hamad |
| Received : 22-04-2000 , Accepted : 03-09-2000 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This paper studies, briefly, the definition of the orientalism, it’s reasons, goals, methods, fields, and how it effects the study of the Arabic legacy, and the Arabic concept. In addition to that, the paper studies the Dutch orientalist Dozy, who is an example of those who interested in Arabic studies, and it also concentrates on his efforts in the Arabic lexicography, and what his great lexicon “Supplement aux Dictionnaires Arabes”, which is translated to Arabic by Dr. Mohammed Saleem Al-Noua’imy, offered to Arabic studies or words. The paper presented his sources, method, then it compared it with the three modern basis of the lexicography: the content of the lexicon, explanations and definitions, then the interior and exterior arrangement of the subjects. At the end, the paper showed the effect of Dozy’s efforts on the research method, thought, and the clarification of the western scientists in general, and the orientalists specifically; and how they think of the East, the Arabic language and it’s legacy. |
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Physical Fitness of Physical Education Mojars at An-Najah National University and Yarmok University (Comparative Study)
Physical Fitness of Physical Education Mojars at An-Najah National University and Yarmok University (Comparative Study) |
| Imad Abdel-Haq |
| Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine |
| Received : 09-02-1999 , Accepted : 06-03-2000 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
The purpose of this study was to determine physical fitness for physical Education students at An-Najah and Yarmuk Universities. To achive that, the study was conducted on (33) male and (18) female students from An-Najah University, and on (36) male and (15) fernale students from Yarmuk University. Male students participated in (30) meters sprint (30) seconds sit-ups, vertical Jump and Angle support with 90, while female students participated in 20 meters sprint, 30 seconds push-ups, 30 seconds sit-ups and Angle suppart 90°. The results of (MANOYA) indicated that, there were no significart differnces at (a. a=. 05) between female students in both An-Najah and Yarmuk Universities, they also results indicated asignif icart differences at (a. =. 05) in push-ups and 30 melters Tests between male student at An-najah and Yarmuk University in favour of Yarmuk University students. |
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Simplifying Syntax in Syntax and Morphology Questions and Answers
Simplifying Syntax in Syntax and Morphology Questions and Answers |
| Mohammad Rabba' |
| Department of Arabic Language, Faculty of Arts, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine |
| Received : 14-06-1999 , Accepted : 12-12-1999 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This study is an analytic investigation of the book "syntax and Morphology: Questions and Answers". The study aims at exposing the drawbacks found in the book so as to put an end to the negative contribution the book may provide in spoiling the teaching of Arabic to our children. It is also an effective call upon those who aim to compose similar books to construct their authorship on scientific, curricular educational, solid bases before undertaking similar tasks. |
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Training of Military Arts, Judgment and Methods
Training of Military Arts, Judgment and Methods |
| Saleh Sharief |
| Received : 22-10-1997 , Accepted : 28-09-1999 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
In this study I have discussed the meaning of training, the identical terms used by the legists, then U put the mandatory legislative judgment, then mentioned the various methods used, beginning with the simplest up to the most sophisticated methods, taking in mind the scientific and industrial developments concentrating on the most important methods, all that for accomplishing the great aim of building a new generation of the Muslim youths armed with the best possible military training. |
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Misconceptions/ Widespread Realizations by the Students of Physical Education College at UNRWA in Jordan
Misconceptions/ Widespread Realizations by the Students of Physical Education College at UNRWA in Jordan |
| Mahmud Al-Hadidi |
| Received : 08-03-1999 , Accepted : 24-08-1999 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This study aims at exploring some common misconceptions in physical education of the students of educational sciences at UNRWA in Jordan. It also aims at figuring out the differences in these conceptions according to the gender variable, physical practice kind of students and field of specialization. The researcher used the descriptive method in this study. The sample population consisted of 283 students who were chosen through the stratified approach. A questionnaire was used as an instrument for collecting the data. The findings of the study revealed that out of 35 conceptions there are 23 misconcepts which ammount to 65.7%. The results also revealed that there were no differences according to the gender variable, the physical practice, type p students, but there were differences regarding the field of specialization variable in favour of the teacher of Islamic studies and Arablic Language |
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To Use or Not To Use Arabic in English Language Teaching
To Use or Not To Use Arabic in English Language Teaching |
| Rami Hamdallah |
| President, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine |
| Received : 07-06-1998 , Accepted : 27-02-1999 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
This paper discusses one of the most controversial issues in English language teaching, namely, the use of L1, in this case, Arabic, in teaching English as a foreign language. It first reviews the role of Ll in some major language teaching methods. The paper then presents the rationale for using L1 in English language teaching. This includes motivation, psychological effects, and the influence of L1 on second language acquisition. The paper concludes by presenting empirical evidence from a field study conducted by Tushyeh (1990) in which Arab teachers of English indicate the extent to which they use L 1, Arabic, in teaching English as a foreign language. |
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Islamic Sharia's Judge ment on Sculpturing
Islamic Sharia's Judge ment on Sculpturing |
| Helmi Abdul-Hadi |
| Received : 13-10-1997 , Accepted : 03-03-1998 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
The resent study talks about sculpturing whether animated or inanimated. It exhibits Islamic judgment on using such sculptures and the different views of jurisprudents regarding this subject. The study further shows Islamic judgment on the use o children's toys as well as the use of sculpturing in education. |
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Aggregate and Sectoral Production Functions of the West Bank and Gaza Strip
Aggregate and Sectoral Production Functions of the West Bank and Gaza Strip |
| Basim Makhool* |
| * Assistant Prof. Faculty of Economics, Dept of Economics, An-Najah University / Nablus. |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
The purpose of the study is to estimate production functions at the aggregate and sectoral level of the Occupied Palestinian Territories OPT over the period 1970-87 using regression analysis. The results show that production in the West Bank exhibits mostly constant and decreasing returns to scale with the exception of the industrial sector. While production in the Gaza strip exhibits increasing returns to scale except the service sector. The marginal productivity of capital in the West Bank was almost three times larger than that of the Gaza Strip. Labor was the most productive in the industrial and construction sectors in both regions even though the order of the sectors is reversed. Also, the marginal rates of technical substitution were lower in the West Bank than in the Gaza Strip except the industrial sector. |
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Sources of Stress among High School Teachers in the Occupied Territories - West Bank
Sources of Stress among High School Teachers in the Occupied Territories - West Bank |
| *Abed M. Assaf; **Ahmad F. Jaber |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
The purposes of this study were; first, to identify the main Sources of Stress among secondary schools teachers in the occupied territories by Israel since 1967; second, to determine the importance of some demographic variables of (age, sex, social status, number of children, teacher qualifications, major, and years of teach experience) as independent variables, on teachers perception of the sources of stress, as dependent variables. The sample consisted of 115 respondents selected randomly from Nablus and Jerusalem districts in the West Bank. To collect the data, a scale of the sources of stress was constructed, validated, and administered to the subjects of the sample. The results of the study showed a relatively high level of stress among secondary school teachers. After testing, the null hypotheses by one-way ANOVA significant statistical mean differences were shown: 1. Among age groups on school factor [F (3:111) = 2.91, ? = 0.05] 2. Between sex and school factor [F (1:113) = 6.06, ?= 0.01] 3. Between sex and society factor [F (1:1113) = ? - 0.05] 4. Among teachers of different qualifications on the administration factor [F (3:111)=3.19, ?=0.05] 5. Among teachers of different qualifications on the school factor [F (3:111) = 3.04, ?=0.05] 6. Among years of different teaching experience on the school factor [F (3:111) = 3.35, ?=0.05] other subhypotheses were not statistically significant. |
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Minority under Occupation: the Sociopolitics of the Samaritans in the Palestinian Occupied Territories
Minority under Occupation: the Sociopolitics of the Samaritans in the Palestinian Occupied Territories |
| *Hussein Ahmad Yousef; **Iyad Barghouti |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
The Samaritan community is one of the smallest minorities in the world. Most of them live in the City of Nablus in Palestine. As a small minority with a main interest to survive, and to reserve its identity and heritage, the Samaritans do their best to keep their neutrality and good relations with all powers and factions in the region. |
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Homeland in Ibrahim Tuqan’s Poetry
Homeland in Ibrahim Tuqan’s Poetry |
| Adel Al-Osta'h |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
The researcher, in this paper, explores a theme that occupies a large space in Tuqan's poetry. The researcher has also consulted language and Philosophy handbooks to reach a definition of this theme and referred to Palestinian writers who have used this theme in their writings. Then he tackles the image of homeland and explains its place m his value system. The researcher concludes that Tuqan has pioneered this theme in Palestinian literature and influenced poets who followed him. |
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English Word Formation and its Pedagogical Implications for EFL
English Word Formation and its Pedagogical Implications for EFL |
| Rami Hamdallah |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
English word-formation is usually taken for-granted by teachers and planners, and words are still assigned to classes (noun, verb, adverb, adjective…) by a technique which goes back for two millennia (Matthew, 1974). This paper has two aims: first to review types of English word-formation and, second, to discuss the need for word-formation teaching in EFL. |
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The Attestational Linguistic Examples
The Attestational Linguistic Examples |
| Yahya Abdul Raouf Jaber |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This paper deals with some linguistic examples that attest the grammatical usages of both the word and the sentence. This study is critical and analytical. The main topic which I would focus on is the poetic examples, since it is more in member and importance than the others. The paper contains several sections in each of which I had discussed a special subject, some of these subjects are: 1 - The main forms of difference either in the structure of the examples or in the grammatical idea built on. 2- The reasons that stand behind the previous forms of differences, e.g. the scholastic verity between busreets and kufeets, the synecdochal usage of some words and dictational mistakes. 3 - We do respect the linguistic efforts which our for-fathers achieved, but this doesn't mean that we have to ignore the mistakes which can be grasped here or there in the heritage of some of them, or the negative result, caused by some linguistic deficits, like the decline of the linguistic standard of the students. 4 - Finally, this paper came up to some conclusions and proposals which, if applied, can demonstrate effectiveness and successful results. |
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Al Hakam Al Mustansir's Efforts in Developing the Scientific Movement in Andalusia
Al Hakam Al Mustansir's Efforts in Developing the Scientific Movement in Andalusia |
| Wa'el Abu-Saleh |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This research fully deals with the efforts of Al-Hakam Al-Mustensir as regards the development of the scientific movement in Andalusia. The said efforts are as follows: 1 - His approval of compulsory education: he established a number of Katatib (Koran Schools) around Cordova. The Andalusian government shouldered the financial responsibility of these schools. 2- He encouraged the Andalusian scientists to write books by extending all possible help such as providing them with the necessary information and the book needed. 3 - Andalusian sources tell us that the said Caliph highly respected scientists: his ministers, friends and companions were chosen from among them. 4 - He greatly concerned himself with libraries: he brought from abroad the most valuable books, spending fortunes on that until his library became the third greatest universal library. Thus Al-Hakam considerably contributed to the development of the scientific movement in his country not only during his age but during the ages to come. |
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Geomorphology and the Possibilities of Resolving Sinking Problem in Marj Sanour
Geomorphology and the Possibilities of Resolving Sinking Problem in Marj Sanour |
| Mohammed Abu-Safat |
| Received : 00-00-0000 , Accepted : 00-00-0000 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
Marj Sanour "al Gharaq" is one of the close karst plain "Polje" which spreads within the West-Bank mountains. The creation of this plain was a result of the cross faults, which took place in contemporary with the Jordan rift valley. The karst process had changed it to a close typical Polje. The geomorphological processes closed the only outlet as a result of the construction of the alluvial fan of Wadi Umm Khurrameyeh and Wadi Sanour, and the differential between the lowest point in the Marj and the highest one of the outlet is 24m. Since its closure, it has become an internal run flow. As a result a temporary lake is created in the center of the Marj whose very existence depends on the quantity of annual rainfall. Consequently, the existence of this lake has posed several risks for the farmers in terms of depriving them of cultivating the winter season and might it extend to summer season. In this research, the geomorphology of the Marj was studied in terms morphogene and morphological units. The problem of the flood was illustrated with all its hydro-climatic and economic dimensions. I have offered a few possible solutions, which are divided into internal and external flow of floods. |
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Vision of Animated Cartoon Programs in the Palestinian TV for Enhancing the Child Identity
Vision of Animated Cartoon Programs in the Palestinian TV for Enhancing the Child Identity |
| Ahmed Mmaghary |
| ahmedmaghary@hotmail.com |
| Received : 09-04-2009 , Accepted : 22-12-2008 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This study aims at setting a vision for the cartoons broadcast in the Palestinian channel to enhance the national identity of the Palestinian child. The study includes planning for the programs in terms of forms and content. The researcher will conduct a descriptive study through a survey approach to understand opinions of academic staff in education and media faculties besides communicators in the Palestinian channel. The study has come to the conclusions that planning and evaluation of these programs should be submitted to two separate committees specialized in the media based on childhood. The best places that reflect these educational programs are schools, the sea and the street. The roles of the cartoons characters are: family members, friends, school. The values of these programs are God obedience, cooperation, patriotism, work, reading, truthfulness and cleanness. |
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Problems Facing Auditors in Gaza Strip (Analytical Study)
Problems Facing Auditors in Gaza Strip (Analytical Study) |
| Maher Durgham |
| mdurgham2005@yahoo.com |
| Received : 18-02-2008 , Accepted : 28-01-2009 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
The objective of this study is to recognize the problems that may face external profession of auditors in Gaza Strip. These problems Could be related to rules and professional laws to the Palestinian Professional Associations, clients or any other related problems. In addition, suggestions have been made to find solutions for such problems. To achieve the aims of the study; a special questionnaire has been distributed among the legal auditors in Gaza Strip. Therefore Descriptive Statistics and T-test were used to analyze the data. Some of the most important results of the study were the following: First, the organized body of the profession does not have the power force the practitioners to implement the international accounting and auditing standards. Second, the Associations do not work efficiently as required to spread awareness about the process of auditing and the role of auditor and his/her duties, organizing and developing the auditing profession. Third, the laws that concern auditing process need to be modified. Fourth, the main goal of auditing process is to discover mistakes and fraud cases. Fifth, the fees of auditor do not suit the work and the responsibilities that imposed by the law. Sixth, Decrease the average of governmental interest for the profession with comparison with other professions. Finally, there has always been unethical competition among auditors. The study came up with some recommendations including: First, awareness campaign should be considered to improve auditors' obligations with the rules and profession ethics. Second, an effort should be made to modify the rules of pursuing the profession of the Palestinian auditing (No. 9) 2004. Third, there should be a reform to the profession council. Its membership should include specialists in different disciplines including, finance, economics, accounting, law and academics. Fourth, there should be more concentration on the quality of teaching accounting and auditing in the Palestinian universities. Further, special interest in the practical training should be enhanced. Finally, workshops and training courses should be held by Palestinian Professional Associations in order to expose your professional with the member’s latest and new developments in auditing. |
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The Degree of Representing Philosophical Foundations in The National and Civic Educational Curriculum of the Upper Basic Stage in Jordan
The Degree of Representing Philosophical Foundations in The National and Civic Educational Curriculum of the Upper Basic Stage in Jordan |
| Zaid Al-Edwan, & Maher Al-Ziadat |
| z_aludwan@yahoo.com |
| Received : 14-05-2008 , Accepted : 22-12-2008 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This study aims at realizing the extent which national and civic education textbooks of the upper Basic Stage in Jordan are inclusive of the philosophical foundations of curriculum. Through using the descriptive pattern. The study is to identify a list of criteria for the philosophical foundations that are to be taken into account at any process of building national and civic education curricula and textbooks, the subject sample was represented by the national and civic Education textbooks of 8th, 9th and 10th basic grades.The researcher developed a classification for the criteria of the philosophical foundations. Such a classification consisted at ultimate version, after ensuring its credibility and validity of (27) criteria. The findings showed that The National and civic educational textbooks consest of (1106) philosophical foundations, and the distribution of philosophical foundations in the national and civic educational textbooks have not followed a certain system that correlates among them, the study showed low percentages of the philosophical foundations in the national and civic Educational textbooks of the 9 grades. |
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The Picture of the Occupied Islamic Towns in the Andalusia Poetry in the Age of Mowahideen and Morabiteen
The Picture of the Occupied Islamic Towns in the Andalusia Poetry in the Age of Mowahideen and Morabiteen |
| Abed Al-Raheem Hamdan |
| yahoo.com @abedhamdan2000 |
| Received : 14-05-2008 , Accepted : 16-03-2009 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This research aims at clarifying the picture that the Andalusia poets drew to the occupied Islamic towns which were under the rule of the Spanish Kingdoms in the age of Mowahideen and Morabiteen. The poets presented the pictures of disasters and catastrophes which happened to those towns from siege, killing, capture and dispersion of people. They depicted the invaders destruction of the Islamic monuments and heritage of the towns. The poets showed great interest and understanding of the danger that threatened all the Andalusia countries. They also explained the causes that led to the fall of the Andalusia towns. The poets appealed for saving and liberating those towns. They urged Muslims to take role in the struggle to protect their holly places and incited them to resist and continue struggle. The poetry of that period was a mixture of lamenting of the lost towns which fell in the hands of the enemy, Jihad poetry, and longing to those towns that they were forced to leave. |
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Psychological Burnout of Kung Fu sport trainers in Jordan
Psychological Burnout of Kung Fu sport trainers in Jordan |
| Raid Al-Ragad |
| dr_r_ragad@yahoo.com |
| Received : 21-04-2008 , Accepted : 23-02-2009 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This study aims at being acquainted with psychological Burnout level of Kung Fu sport trainers in Jordan and effect of training grade and the experience on Psychological Burnout level. This study applied on all trainers (62) trainers selected by using descriptive curriculum as it is compatible for the study nature. The questionnaire included 15 paragraphs, which were subject to credit and stability coefficient. Upon statistical analysis, the study results indicated that Psychological Burnout grade for Kung Fu trainers came within fair grade of Psychological Burnout. As for the training and experience grade variable, there for the less experience and less degree trainers are the most Psychological Burnout. The researcher recommends that it is necessary to assure importance of preparing the trainer physically and psychologically and in knowledge and to hold qualifying and training courses to be protected against Psychological Burnout phenomenon of the trainer. |
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"AL-Ahdath" Movements in Damascus during the Fatimid Govern 359-468AH. / 969-1075AD
"AL-Ahdath" Movements in Damascus during the Fatimid Govern 359-468AH. |
| Hasan Ayyash |
| hasan_ayyash@yahoo.com |
| Received : 06-08-2008 , Accepted : 28-01-2009 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
Syria was a part of the Abbasid State, which suffered from a political vacuum due to weakness of the Abbasid state and inability to stand against attempts to control the internal and external forces. Cities were exposed to repeated attempts of those forces, First among those is Fatimid which appeared at the scene strongly, after entering Egypt (358AH\869AD) It is pointed out that during that repeated attempts, without exception, their populations subjected to injustice , abuse and extortion. In particular the study discussed the revolutions in the cities of Syria, focusing on opposition groups that arose on the political systems, and found themselves and their cities who oppression, such as sovereignty poor economic and Social conditions system and coercive political systems. The study focused on the city of Damascus, the most susceptible to various aspects. The poor conditions have produced the aforementioned revolutionary movements felt for the right to defend themselves before those regulations. These movements were called "AL-Ahdath" (any young boy). The study also deals with "AL-Ahdath" as movements which refused to be not absorbed in the community dominatesd by the general of people. The study subjected: "AL-Ahdath" Movements in Damascus during the Fatimid Govern. It centered around the word "AL-Ahdath" and origin showing the evolution of their movements, , arming, resources organizing and their resources and their relationship with the population and with the Fatimid state, and then presented to the most important movements in Damascus, then subjected to some light on the movements of "AL-Ahdath" in some cities in Syria. |
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The Impact of Training Courses on the Development of West Bank Public Music Teachers as Viewed by their Fellow Teachers and Headmasters
The Impact of Training Courses on the Development of West Bank Public Music Teachers as Viewed by their Fellow Teachers and Headmasters |
| Ahmad Mousa |
| ahmedmosa42@hotmail.com |
| Received : 26-03-2008 , Accepted : 22-12-2008 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This study touches upon the impact of academic training and preparation on Music teacher’s academic performance. It apparently pinpoints the teachers’ needs for suitable training courses. A special questionnaire was designed as a major tool to achieve the purpose of this study. The questionnaire, which aimed at eliciting responses from a number of Music teachers, has yielded the following results: 1. Teachers’ teaching skills have enhanced by 74%. 2. Teachers have learned new teaching methods and skills. 3. There were significant differences in four sections of the questionnaire. 4. There were no significant differences between teachers and their headmasters (principals) with reference to the belief that teachers have benefited from the training courses. 5. Variables such as gender, experience, qualifications and number of training courses show no significant stastical differences. Recommendations: - More training courses should be offered for music teachers to get them acquainted with technological developments in their field of study. - More practical training courses are needed particularly in playing musical instruments. - The competence - based teacher education should be adopted. - The research findings verify that the project is achieving its overgoals. |
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An-Najah National University Students, Adjustment in the Light of some Variables
An-Najah National University Students, Adjustment in the Light of some Variables |
| Ali Habayeb, & Jamal Abu-Maraq |
| habayeb@najah.edu |
| Received : 12-06-2008 , Accepted : 15-04-2009 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This study aimed to examine the reality of adjustment in its social, educational, emotional and discipline-wise dimesions on the part of An-Najah National University students. It also aimed at reaching the difference in the adjustment reality and the interaction amongst its variables, namely, college, gender, major change and lodging in the university environment. To realize objectives of study, the two researchers used (the adjustment to university) questionnaire prepared by Jamal al-Leil (1993). The sample consisted of 845 students, 346 of whom, male and 499, male, in the 2nd semester-2007/2008. One finding (of the study) was that the adjustment reality, across the four dimensions, was positive: 1st came the social dimension (74.8%), followed by the emotional (56.47%), third was the discipline factor (54.80%) and last, educational/academic study (51.53%). Another finding was that there were no statistically significant differences in the adjustment reality across the social, educational and discipline dimensions in regard to the college variable. But differences were found in the emotional domain to the advantage of humanities faculties. No differences, however, were found in the social and emotional domains in relation to the gender variable. Notwithstanding, there were differences in the educational and discipline dimensions in relation to the gender factor to the advantage of males (in discipline) and to females (in the educational). Another finding was that there were no differences in the discipline dimension in relation to change of major variable. However, statistically significant differences were found the social, educational and emotional level, in relation to change of major at variable to the advantage of students who did not change their major. Results also showed no differences in the lodging variable in the emotional and discipline dimensions, but differences in the social and educational levels were in favor of students who lodged near campus. Finally, recommendations were made in the light of study results. |
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The Impact of Using Cognitive Aesthetics on Creative Thinking of Faculty of Educational Sciences Students / UNRWA
The Impact of Using Cognitive Aesthetics on Creative Thinking of Faculty of Educational Sciences Students / UNRWA |
| Ilham Al - Shalabi, & Mahmoud Al - Shathli |
| ilhamalishalabi@yahoo.com |
| Received : 25-05-2008 , Accepted : 16-03-2009 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
The study aimed at investigating the effect of using cognitive aesthetics on creative thinking of Faculty of Educational Sciences students and identifying whether this effect differs due to different study subjects. The sample consisted of (61) first year students studying biology distributed in two sections and (60) studying psychobiology distributed in two sections. Every two sections studied the same course were divided into two groups; the experimental group who was taught using cognitive aesthetics while the control group who was taught by the traditional method. Torrance Test of Creative Thinking was applied at all groups as post test. The results revealed statistically significant differences at (≥ α 0.05) in creative thinking between the two groups in favor of the experimental group due to using cognitive aesthetics. It also showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the biology and psychobiology groups in creative thinking despite the different in course nature. Key Words: Cognitive Aesthetics, Creative Thinking, Faculty of Educational Sciences / UNRWA- Jordan |
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The Relationship between Response Inconsistency Due to Item Wording and Some Variable
The Relationship between Response Inconsistency Due to Item Wording and Some Variable |
| Abdelhafez Al-Shayeb |
| alshayeb1@yahoo.com |
| Received : 09-06-2008 , Accepted : 15-04-2009 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
The study aimed at determining the relationship between the response inconsistency due to item wording in one hand and the respondent age, gender, Arabic language score in the general secondary certificate exam as an indicator of reading comprehension, and the grade point average as an indicator of achievement. A scale of attitudes towards mathematics was used to collect data from (462) males and females students from different ages and majors in Al al-Bayt University in Jordan. The results revealed a significant mean score differences due to item wording on both sub-scales in favor of the positively worded items. However, it has been found that the internal consistency of the positively-worded items is higher than the internal consistency of the negatively-worded items. Moreover, a relationship has been revealed between response inconsistency and the Arabic language scores in the general secondary certificate exam as an indicator of reading comprehension, as well as the grade point average as an indicator of achievement. Keywords: response inconsistency, item wording, self-report measures, internal consistency. |
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The Theme of “Return”: Rituals and Perceptions, in Arabic Palestinian Poetry
The Theme of “Return”: Rituals and Perceptions, in Arabic Palestinian Poetry |
| Nejmeh Habib |
| nejmeh_habib@hotmail.com |
| Received : 20-10-2008 , Accepted : 15-04-2009 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This essay investigates the themes of return and ritual as they appear in Palestinian Arabic poetry. The essay also investigates how this poetry has evolved, thematically and aesthetically, along with the historical developments of the Palestinian struggle. To investigate these tropes of return and ritual in relation to the Palestinian struggle for freedom and independence, the paper examines three poems from the 1950s: "We Will Return" by Abdel Karim Al_Karmi; “Abu Salma”, excerpts from a poem by Tawfiq Zayyad; and "The Gateway of Tears" by Samih Al-Qasim. Later poems, influenced by Romanticism are also examined: "It is a Blessing to Stay in Her Lap", excerpts from a poem by Fadwa Tuqan; and "The Bridge of Return", an excerpt from a poem by Tawfiq Zayyad. Poems corresponding to the rise and intensification of the resistance are also examined, such poems are selected from the works of Ahmad Dahbour and Iz-Idine Al-Manasra. In the final section of this paper, I examine Mahmoud Darwich's poetry in order to analyse the patterns of return evident throughout his writing career. The conclusion provides a summary of the findings uncovered by the study. |
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The Image of the Prophet Muhammad’s Companions in the Israeli Curriculum for Arabs Schools in the book the Political History of Arabs
The Image of the Prophet Muhammad’s Companions in the Israeli Curriculum for Arabs Schools in the book the Political History of Arabs |
| Mousa Basit |
| mousabasit@hotmail.com |
| Received : 12-11-2008 , Accepted : 26-05-2009 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This study highlights the magnitude of the crime that many Palestinian generations who live within Green Line have been exposed to since 1948. The image of the founders of the Islamic civilization, the Companions of the Prophet (Peace be upon him), suffered from misrepresentation, with the aim of ruining the Arab-Islamic identity. This study dealt first with the status of the Companions and the great position they occupy. It also covered the various forms of insulting them, and the Islamic religious rulings regarding these insults. In addition, this study discuses the Companions’ image in Atallah Qibti’s book, The Political History of the Arabs. This book is imposed as curriculum by the Israeli Ministry of Education on Arab schools for the tenth grade, which is a critical stage in education. This study objectively critiques sample images of Companions as presented in the latter book. |
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The Compatibility of the Palestinian Vocational Secondary Education with the Labour Market
The Compatibility of the Palestinian Vocational Secondary Education with the Labour Market |
| Salah Alzaroo |
| szaroo@gmail.com |
| Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine |
| Received : 20-10-2008 , Accepted : 15-04-2009 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
This reported study explores the interaction between the outcomes of the Palestinian governmental secondary vocational education (the supply side) and the labour market (the demand side) from the perspective of graduates, training providers and employers. Issues related to the current status of secondary vocational education, gender, training and employability, communication and cooperation between the supply side and the demand side are discussed. The study has concluded that the Palestinian VSE is ineffective, unresponsive and irrelevant to the LM's needs and inputs. The linkage between secondary vocational education and the labour market is weak, superficial and not systematic Recommendations were made by training providers and employers to bridge the gap between SVE and the labour market. Keywords: Palestine; Technical and Vocational Education and Training; Secondary Vocational Education; Training; Employment; Labour Market. |
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The Impact of the Social Characteristics on the Controlling Approach on the Elite of the Legislative Members in the Palestinian Political System (1996
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| Saqer Jabali | |||||||||||||
| saqerjab@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| Received : 25-09-2008 , Accepted : 26-05-2009 | |||||||||||||
| Language: Arabic | |||||||||||||
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The study focused on the analysis of the social characteristics of the legislative elite and their tendency towards using questions, which amounted to 444 compared with the interrogations which were only (3). The Legislative Council did not use the no-confidence option at all against the government. The study showed that 27% of the deputies who went to the ministers and questioned them were independent seculars, independent Islamists, one from "Fida" party, while 73% from Fatah movement. The study also showed that 90.4% were bachelor's degree holders, or above, who have questioned ministers. This indicates that there is a significant relationship between the level of education of member s of the legislative elite and the performance of their oversight role. Moreover, there is a decline in the questions asked by the members with low income; the questions asked by the members with middle-income and those with high-income were the same during the first ten sessions of the work of the Legislative Council. The researcher noticed that 61.4% residents in the West Bank and Gaza Strip went to ask the government, whereas 54.8% refugees went to question the government. Professionals and technicians (38.31%) occupied first place in terms of their oversight and direct questions to members of the government, while medical doctors represent 15.38%, university professors 13.46%, and lawyers came in forth place (5.77%), followed by pharmacists (1.92%). | |||||||||||||
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The Instructional Methods Used by Lower Elementary Stage Teachers in Teaching Reading to Third Grade Students at UNRWA Schools in Jordan
The Instructional Methods Used by Lower Elementary Stage Teachers in Teaching Reading to Third Grade Students at UNRWA Schools in Jordan |
| Khalil Al.Fayyoumi |
| k.fayyoumi@unrwa.org |
| Received : 26-08-2008 , Accepted : 26-05-2009 |
| Language: Arabic |
Abstract |
This study aimed at investigating the instructional methods used by lower elementary stage teachers (1 – 3) in teaching reading to third grade students at UNRWA schools in Jordan. The study sample consisted of (8) male and female teachers purposefully selected. To answer the research questions both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The study instruments included an Observation Checklist of teaching reading lessons, and interviews with lower elementary stage teachers, two Arabic language curriculum designers, and third grade students. For the purpose of conducting the study, both the “General Guidelines and Objectives of the Third Grade Arabic Language Curriculum”, “Our Arabic Language Textbook” and the “Teacher’s Book” were carefully studied and analyzed. Results of the study showed that (58%) of lower elementary stage teachers tend to employ mono teacher-oriented instructional methods, while (33%) tend to employ multi instructional strategies. The study also highlighted the importance of the “General Guidelines and Objectives of the Third Grade Arabic Language Curriculum” in helping teachers employ various effective instructional techniques capable of achieving the desired outcomes when teaching reading lessons to third grade students. Keywords: instructional strategies, lower elementary stage teachers (1 – 3), reading lessons. |
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